{"id":"W1825610237","doi":"10.1002/0471238961.120917211215.a01.pub2","title":"Extraction, Liquid‐Liquid","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Coalescence (physics); Countercurrent exchange; Solvent; Extraction (chemistry); Supercritical fluid extraction; Continuous phase modulation; Chromatography; Liquid–liquid extraction; Solvent extraction; Petrochemical; Settling; Aqueous two-phase system; Dispersion (optics); Aqueous solution; Partition coefficient; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005446616,0.001737693,0.001262886,0.001781216,0.001242979,0.001943896,0.001221471,0.0012831,0.02733043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006617261,0.0004850983,0.0006793711,0.002246753,0.00087017,0.002344601,0.002133063,0.001792141,0.04653642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001080019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008491651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000878902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001357879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988723,0.00009264542,0.00007604528,0.000357493,0.0004904716,0.0001108945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998034,0.000029421,0.00003406882,0.00003556642,0.00007442714,0.00002321111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003517462,0.0003787217,0.0004049659,0.004108381,0.00007064297,0.001157903,0.0001184114,0.00197601,0.4299625,0.02038685,0.04928489,0.4917989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003218076,0.0002338159,0.0006063976,0.0001995906,0.00004507254,0.001435598,0.00008337815,0.002670379,0.3597762,0.004973838,0.6298795,0.000064069],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03501011,0.2411548,0.3461843,0.004616837,0.01037604,0.002684787,0.005640916,0.00811249,0.3462196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2420913,0.1497928,0.1739358,0.006004398,0.001795602,0.001683269,0.007410339,0.001696813,0.4155896],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02733043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09142941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004675550619610724,"score_gpt":0.2366684601298907,"score_spread":0.23199290951028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}