{"id":"W1832908012","doi":"10.1111/jeea.12076","title":"LETTER GRADING GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the European Economic Association","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Grading (engineering); Private sector; Business; Public economics; Economics; Economic growth; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006665395,0.0004088027,0.0005938465,0.005749557,0.0008161347,0.001882611,0.0005495041,0.0006916107,0.02549662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05594477,0.0001790406,0.0005296233,0.004983989,0.0007055021,0.001310067,0.001230049,0.0008104297,0.008706778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00180945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001156586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001885487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9885539,0.004211101,0.002298549,0.00080929,0.003225292,0.0009018459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.913835,0.0266784,0.01800279,0.007580221,0.0315262,0.002377347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001744808,0.0009812907,0.4769219,0.0008654609,0.000208008,0.0004296318,0.005870282,0.002326502,0.003477253,0.009177155,0.0995566,0.3984411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001195638,0.001602947,0.8633592,0.0003847537,0.0001111853,0.000563017,0.008920584,0.005047969,0.009161745,0.004796256,0.105729,0.0002037881],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8917199,0.0003944155,0.01025829,0.001154872,0.0004650402,0.001100514,0.01014767,0.0006861204,0.08407317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9543587,0.0002914764,0.01441069,0.000404351,0.0002014115,0.0007482439,0.004083232,0.0001739231,0.02532789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02549662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08529472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01054257905288144,"score_gpt":0.2193188646544132,"score_spread":0.2087762856015317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}