{"id":"W1833882855","doi":"","title":"Causation and Health in Medical, Environmental and Product Liability","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Product liability; Liability; Business; Product (mathematics); Actuarial science; Law and economics; Accounting; Political science; Law; Economics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009054652,0.0004027336,0.0007679661,0.004230884,0.003111035,0.003686401,0.001076741,0.009461429,0.007719294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02988189,0.0006026524,0.000781889,0.001994136,0.01581953,0.003886639,0.002935472,0.003965934,0.000362451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002442858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004178346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008242192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00642283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944052,0.00349357,0.0003060985,0.000369962,0.0008291574,0.0005960674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9570996,0.03578414,0.003394848,0.000899752,0.001779858,0.001041755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063935,0.0001535104,0.03787877,0.0002232002,0.00009191963,0.002462783,0.002650362,0.001353435,0.0001506527,0.9275339,0.00674104,0.02069657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004435086,0.00008778573,0.01550806,0.000289881,0.00007800107,0.0021081,0.00207228,0.001241364,0.0001737453,0.9638391,0.01452951,0.00002780241],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1851491,0.08148245,0.03258124,0.5463595,0.002934418,0.000170466,0.0004188665,0.0001055553,0.1507983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9665275,0.01368948,0.001778877,0.009122699,0.00244787,0.00004226079,0.00004279917,0.000008333133,0.006340113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009461429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04788613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02976594168292666,"score_gpt":0.414094059717497,"score_spread":0.3843281180345703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}