{"id":"W1851494072","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2003.1226383","title":"Architectures and design considerations of CMOS charge pumps for phase-locked loops","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Charge pump; Phase-locked loop; Voltage; Charge (physics); Electronic engineering; Noise (video); Electrical engineering; Phase noise; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Physics; Capacitor","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003222315,0.00007455832,0.0001000063,0.00004966357,0.00004249545,0.00000703979,0.00003618988,0.00003725028,0.00003383503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006062393,0.00006227504,0.0000160741,0.00003767213,0.00005632743,0.00002966818,0.0000115304,0.00004184842,0.000001314643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001039599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007093688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002233353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004351184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996598,0.000002195824,0.0001155442,0.00007614349,0.00003586778,0.000110459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997833,0.00007782519,0.00001356217,0.00009268126,0.00001670828,0.00001591303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007050638,0.0003141039,0.0001071335,0.0003747818,0.0003166438,0.00000704458,0.001206094,0.2875832,0.3851926,0.2524232,0.003395942,0.06900872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001688638,0.0001758681,0.00001636607,0.00001701629,0.00001463372,0.000007769968,0.00009290302,0.007453315,0.8619562,0.1275813,0.0008595179,0.0001365061],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1108157,0.0002817569,0.8873155,0.000158599,0.00005572008,0.0003594516,0.00002162982,0.0003648929,0.0006267064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8699026,0.00003641173,0.1299081,0.00003215733,0.00001017432,0.00005072199,0.000002337173,0.00000912941,0.00004837417],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7590869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2539503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03367928812542111,"score_gpt":0.277470608283365,"score_spread":0.2437913201579438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}