{"id":"W1852568195","doi":"10.1029/2011rs004944","title":"Ionospheric and auroral clutter models for HF surface wave and over‐the‐horizon radar systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Radio Science","topic":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Radar; Radar horizon; Over-the-horizon radar; Remote sensing; Skywave; Geology; Continuous-wave radar; Ionosphere; Pulse-Doppler radar; Bistatic radar; Radar imaging; Computer science; Geophysics; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006672234,0.0001136921,0.0001421208,0.0000219922,0.0002843088,0.0002116183,0.0001174053,0.00003706283,0.000001222901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001081756,0.00008256867,0.00001733531,0.0001996591,0.0001610587,0.0008675896,0.00002540798,0.00006905971,0.00000100221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000563847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002274862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000432854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001131372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991003,0.00001291201,0.0001459879,0.0001696657,0.0001999709,0.0003711416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996242,0.00005490345,0.00003090257,0.0001346333,0.00002316849,0.000132177],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005944969,0.00009216781,0.01104307,0.003525442,0.0001493749,0.00001484503,0.02111841,0.4512255,0.3835495,0.04559333,0.01085745,0.07277152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001748636,0.00003093816,0.00112092,0.00005009166,0.000009343307,0.00007460962,0.0002202009,0.9942235,0.00069368,0.0001493171,0.003075685,0.000176814],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8961047,0.01026791,0.09191442,0.00003429589,0.0007754639,0.0002559387,0.000004236569,0.00006623191,0.0005767992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970765,0.00003476995,0.002583286,0.00001481065,0.000171917,0.000006984093,2.738542e-7,0.00001547296,0.00009602628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.542998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3367052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01954802155055074,"score_gpt":0.2177532748822389,"score_spread":0.1982052533316881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}