{"id":"W1867907946","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1770","title":"A Simple Thaw‐Freeze Algorithm for a Multi‐Layered Soil using the Stefan Equation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Permafrost; Algorithm; Soil water; Loess plateau; Simple (philosophy); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Plateau (mathematics); Soil science; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006286857,0.0004556943,0.0004665662,0.0003994994,0.0004155781,0.0005761873,0.0008508251,0.000780408,0.001659585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001276717,0.0002743469,0.000557917,0.0002610942,0.000398018,0.0005833071,0.0006296422,0.0005472557,0.0003062259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007066012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001044782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007968344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005375762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999908,0.00002375891,0.000006893931,0.00001713445,0.0000288655,0.00001539843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995289,0.0002346952,0.00004322047,0.00002671042,0.0001335032,0.00003299857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004666339,0.0000224935,0.001679078,0.00003479051,0.00001807888,0.00005732447,0.00006299939,0.9405935,0.005854581,0.006378461,0.0004234768,0.04482858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006054796,0.000005089798,0.00006057872,0.000001771765,0.000001429776,0.000005174123,0.000003937133,0.9986982,0.0005167632,0.0005376944,0.00016108,0.000002181942],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04548771,0.00006778214,0.9524782,0.00006717727,0.00002728989,0.00005929879,0.00002658841,0.0003651378,0.001420772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4001368,0.00009052229,0.5968797,0.00006581537,0.00002302824,0.0001180105,0.0001063737,0.0001492964,0.002430359],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007968344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01584393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09484888168066241,"score_gpt":0.2932688153860284,"score_spread":0.198419933705366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}