{"id":"W1867907946","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1770","title":"A Simple Thaw‐Freeze Algorithm for a Multi‐Layered Soil using the Stefan Equation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Permafrost; Algorithm; Soil water; Loess plateau; Simple (philosophy); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Plateau (mathematics); Soil science; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000171705,0.0002289743,0.0002184376,0.00005542646,0.0008133586,0.0004294761,0.000190924,0.0001003449,0.002591769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007625816,0.0001534707,0.000059677,0.0002270931,0.000163691,0.0005522647,0.00002410824,0.0001089098,0.00006131861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004400197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001040755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01548175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04024363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987531,0.00004047752,0.0002448594,0.0003221726,0.0001993885,0.0004399529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992007,0.0002090094,0.000100876,0.0001449881,0.0002095604,0.0001348365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006398712,0.00005301309,0.8643472,0.0003393636,0.00003694432,0.00000276889,0.006427328,0.0001705123,0.002691692,0.000014149,0.0007700408,0.125083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001272988,0.0002311969,0.1631075,0.00004839709,0.00007736315,0.00003889251,0.0070359,0.8127558,0.0007942597,0.001234839,0.01272222,0.0006805733],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716875,0.002647777,0.01028001,0.0006527228,0.0004619536,0.00140236,0.01227981,0.00008641706,0.0005014554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918828,0.000510361,0.001510198,0.00084763,0.00104122,0.00005871542,0.003918429,0.00001906867,0.000211603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8125853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09484888168066241,"score_gpt":0.2932688153860284,"score_spread":0.198419933705366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}