{"id":"W1868463081","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-2715","title":"Concurrent Quantitative Laser-Induced Incandescence and SMPS Measurements of EGR Effects on Particulate Emissions from a TDI Diesel Engine","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Sandia National Laboratories","keywords":"Particulates; Incandescence; Diesel particulate filter; Environmental science; Diesel fuel; Diesel engine; Materials science; Automotive engineering; Chemistry; Soot; Engineering; Combustion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003113715,0.0006275451,0.0008172819,0.000144463,0.0002503251,0.00004545024,0.0004430566,0.0004535175,0.0002875761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005997565,0.0005072529,0.000201221,0.0005163883,0.0003324533,0.0002775663,0.000177606,0.000979716,0.00005301085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001546324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002228918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002485663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002728949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970503,0.0001114586,0.0007759754,0.0006815473,0.0007175871,0.0006631291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978882,0.0006755508,0.0001324815,0.0007554922,0.0000864394,0.0004618423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008153672,0.0002508769,0.0007325764,0.000125715,0.00007889636,0.000018617,0.00009998041,0.0001692063,0.973063,0.0002900298,0.001022709,0.02406687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001385285,0.001675971,0.9669205,0.001511101,0.0001057067,0.00001229252,0.00005043136,0.00004575159,0.02291841,0.0001518409,0.004478384,0.0007443416],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912597,0.0008348373,0.000001565841,0.000623262,0.0002424563,0.0006429882,0.00007676017,0.0009873584,0.005331098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975649,0.0008081225,0.0009965103,0.0002234894,0.00006503705,0.0001688891,0.00002107811,0.00008234841,0.00006959588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9661879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0340044480302014,"score_gpt":0.2616025081027509,"score_spread":0.2275980600725495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}