{"id":"W1873886848","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01229","title":"Phonology without universal grammar","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; University of Arizona","keywords":"Phonology; Linguistics; Vowel harmony; Emergent grammar; Grammar; Phonotactics; Universal grammar; Categorization; Computer science; Phonological rule; Prefix; Psychology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006982487,0.0002322702,0.000469575,0.0007104477,0.00004658222,0.00001219695,0.0007353598,0.0005974208,0.0006514613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007520913,0.0002433708,0.00006999368,0.0005896098,0.0006772955,0.00006299478,0.0001162671,0.0007947221,0.001121907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001093731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009506214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003447054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001065382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972324,0.0005762917,0.0003554006,0.0007252473,0.0001577136,0.0009529711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986675,0.00004888276,0.00009174601,0.0008195572,0.00008259316,0.0002897006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001435097,0.0004090464,0.3635901,0.000003216645,0.0001475914,0.0004194971,0.005171477,0.000003529665,0.0001549115,0.002545594,0.5704299,0.05569006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01464077,0.001627187,0.2532686,0.00001112206,0.00003782651,0.0005317295,0.004775357,0.0002796378,0.00006389987,0.1486965,0.57526,0.0008073296],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5445101,0.005207321,0.05430669,0.007021972,0.04090057,0.0008370314,0.0000340053,0.0002999529,0.3468823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793634,0.0001677946,0.01311548,0.002054617,0.0003404274,0.0001022625,0.0000385023,0.00007306517,0.004744425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4348533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05317703683568181,"score_gpt":0.3749940105058986,"score_spread":0.3218169736702168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}