{"id":"W1877842317","doi":"10.5539/jel.v4n4p25","title":"Perceptions and Performance of King Saud University Students’ about Concept and Finding Limit of Functions Graphical and Symbolic","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Limit (mathematics); Representation (politics); Mathematics education; Algebraic number; Test (biology); Perception; Mathematics; Psychology; Computer science; Algebra over a field; Pure mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000913584,0.00003703488,0.0001050371,0.0001663115,0.0002838841,0.00003307994,0.00004549224,0.0000363244,0.00001937173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003234641,0.00003574096,0.00001455662,0.0001045797,0.0001893629,0.0001651793,0.00002010646,0.0001854264,7.798003e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002086939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001475616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001084977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001750985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994684,0.0001490934,0.0001442373,0.00005014846,0.0001372901,0.00005086822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993612,0.0001188449,0.0002339457,0.00002775317,0.0001574557,0.0001007966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009481147,0.000100757,0.8390265,0.00003546698,0.00001539335,7.556744e-8,0.1380573,0.0000032698,0.0001103449,0.008743405,0.0001616714,0.01373633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002819293,0.0002299206,0.7534809,0.0002823275,0.00006327797,0.000023919,0.2372877,0.00009377905,0.00001297899,0.0006354757,0.007528682,0.00007911683],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975978,0.0003201675,0.0003969116,0.0003399242,0.00008167268,0.00004062041,2.828006e-7,0.000005683641,0.00121694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970223,0.0008764533,0.001533245,0.00001226929,0.00004853711,2.28762e-7,4.039216e-7,0.000002158155,0.0005043678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09923041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2183435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03870293011341073,"score_gpt":0.3519427859562438,"score_spread":0.3132398558428331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}