{"id":"W1882974655","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12259","title":"Direct Effects of Cattle on Grassland Birds in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conservation Biology","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Yukon Department of Environment; University of Manitoba; Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Trampling; Grazing; Grassland; Nest (protein structural motif); Livestock; Ecology; Rangeland; Vegetation (pathology); Conservation grazing; Geography; Cattle grazing; Grazing pressure; Agroforestry; Forestry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001564519,0.0000601411,0.000119103,0.00002693861,0.00002797998,0.000001105388,0.00008247926,0.00005971837,0.00014562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002929118,0.0000544235,0.00001114631,0.0001369169,0.00007736258,0.00002888887,0.00002375887,0.00005168438,0.00004019344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001302904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006979741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6292263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9093404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993985,0.0001486789,0.0001472122,0.000143549,0.00004529052,0.0001168039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999231,0.0005504463,0.00007353492,0.0001164655,0.000006216915,0.00002227125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001278011,0.00001542604,0.9921783,0.000005052731,0.000002411697,4.399967e-7,0.00001372351,0.00009219299,0.002063473,0.0005347675,0.003641407,0.001440063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002744245,0.00008047032,0.9892586,0.000006617455,0.000002258296,4.184135e-7,0.000003371732,0.0003792637,0.003727793,0.0005102311,0.005699947,0.00005654756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935317,0.0000081857,0.00008707133,0.001425667,0.0002340969,0.00009776746,0.00000181515,0.000007931135,0.004605775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997227,0.000005218248,0.00004376243,0.002578572,0.00001097685,0.00001826354,0.00001218064,0.000003251363,0.0001007581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2801141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3732426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005364274546380814,"score_gpt":0.1927945044506214,"score_spread":0.1874302299042405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}