{"id":"W1893174260","doi":"10.1139/t11-092","title":"Short- and long-term leakage through composite liners. The 7th Arthur Casagrande Lecture<sup>1</sup>This lecture was presented at the 14th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Toronto, Ont., October 2011, and a pre-print appeared in the conference proceedings.","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University; Ministry of Environment; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Drexel University","keywords":"Leakage (economics); Geomembrane; Composite number; Geotechnical engineering; Geosynthetic clay liner; Materials science; Composite material; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Geology; Soil water; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006911145,0.0004462377,0.0003981387,0.00003798963,0.000693241,0.000257196,0.000554771,0.0002201735,0.0003170485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001037439,0.0002342231,0.00007919771,0.0001397667,0.0008529281,0.0003241484,0.0004968546,0.001331797,0.000009516767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006600543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000409288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03499262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975936,0.0001309801,0.0003518986,0.0004506904,0.0005255025,0.0009473376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987913,0.0001691142,0.0001353846,0.0003333941,0.00001711119,0.0005536337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002358642,0.001940629,0.5420762,0.0003645743,0.001900346,0.001126553,0.1170685,0.09219287,0.06595711,0.002475257,0.06720831,0.105331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001249267,0.0007469665,0.9431294,0.0001986202,0.0002286613,0.003732072,0.001007843,0.04047901,0.0007156568,0.0002651928,0.00720325,0.001044089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858413,0.001833754,0.001927938,0.009115874,0.00005249325,0.0008910169,0.00003307231,0.0000350544,0.0002695009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962787,0.00178499,0.00005575904,0.001631574,0.0001036705,0.00004807449,0.000005336947,0.00003208658,0.00005983145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4010532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9921702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01370782137330158,"score_gpt":0.2294254512229868,"score_spread":0.2157176298496853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}