{"id":"W1908817484","doi":"10.1017/s0841820900006123","title":"Reconstructing Fuller’s Argument Against Legal Positivism","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of legality; Argument (complex analysis); Positivism; Legal positivism; Epistemology; Law; Philosophy; Legal formalism; Sociology; Legal realism; Law and economics; Political science; Legal profession; Black letter law; Comparative law; Private law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002371429,0.0001788181,0.0002346735,0.0001610096,0.000387695,0.0003240126,0.0006159989,0.00007017934,0.0005966714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000251527,0.0001577151,0.0001321005,0.00020146,0.0003235818,0.001001436,0.00002532949,0.0004350231,0.0002385494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001715167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007139018,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007697725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00427142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982525,0.0001076735,0.0005114765,0.0002457094,0.0003100119,0.0005726679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982408,0.0001117586,0.0003160633,0.0002243135,0.0001408896,0.000966178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002741807,0.0001091147,0.01017668,0.00008728458,0.0000649166,0.008310937,0.002758302,0.0003588943,0.6882389,0.1677294,0.02142576,0.1007123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002247565,0.00106439,0.009135169,0.001873842,0.00009261424,0.01360972,0.0009269438,0.001151191,0.5505439,0.01777647,0.3993738,0.002204396],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434928,0.0003278479,0.00008696544,0.002911208,0.001531432,0.0001565419,0.00001186888,0.00001477176,0.05146654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956316,0.00004338678,0.000577414,0.002852629,0.0003131669,0.000003780585,2.9124e-7,0.00001865145,0.0005591086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.377948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02136673522458685,"score_gpt":0.2299388762014419,"score_spread":0.2085721409768551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}