{"id":"W1917669416","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2182839","title":"Dark Trading on Public Exchanges","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Dark liquidity; Business; High-frequency trading; Finance; Algorithmic trading","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008115059,0.0002173726,0.00063863,0.0007765113,0.001685954,0.004484249,0.0005684829,0.001815083,0.02707047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006908682,0.0002831997,0.0002893478,0.0007767507,0.00183704,0.006905499,0.001999802,0.001979115,0.001053465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001019991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004774655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001835374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001664331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995621,0.0001519056,0.00001459372,0.00007882986,0.00006988876,0.000122717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970988,0.001022911,0.0005234477,0.0005120106,0.000239768,0.0006031325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000343693,0.00009944593,0.002770352,0.0000335968,0.00002029275,0.0003396257,0.0005436867,0.004048589,0.0008918286,0.9758344,0.005358772,0.009715687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006836089,0.00004787763,0.002633999,0.00002317462,0.00001850116,0.0001247843,0.000899191,0.02591031,0.0004518076,0.9639349,0.005865132,0.00002188403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8440031,0.0005115872,0.01009818,0.00399435,0.0001901538,0.00001735607,0.0002040896,0.0001581984,0.1408229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991717,0.00008504409,0.0002942642,0.00006271906,0.00005189145,0.00000336654,0.00003858236,0.00002096558,0.00772621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02707047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09055972,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04177916210266917,"score_gpt":0.2219821692698807,"score_spread":0.1802030071672115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}