{"id":"W1919938953","doi":"10.1002/jid.3113","title":"Varieties of Capitalists? The Middle–Class, Private Sector and Economic Outcomes in Africa","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Development","topic":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Middle class; Speculation; Private sector; Class (philosophy); Character (mathematics); Economics; Development economics; Sociology; Economic growth; Market economy; Epistemology; Mathematics; Macroeconomics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009277244,0.0001189033,0.0002385442,0.001214321,0.00080297,0.002274396,0.0002454427,0.0003627066,0.00684978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00308047,0.00006870022,0.0001174718,0.001511415,0.001256671,0.001588672,0.001475356,0.0005855542,0.0002318895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000599711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002803537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005966236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00601522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999689,0.00008867552,0.000009821229,0.00003921649,0.00003501295,0.0001383283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982331,0.0004292791,0.0007430851,0.00004214716,0.00006685629,0.0004855948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000379486,0.0002860267,0.8295131,0.0002911895,0.0001192525,0.00080934,0.01967119,0.0004343186,0.000405683,0.07762138,0.004167471,0.06630156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001224753,0.00006289419,0.9398291,0.0004134313,0.00002870526,0.0001997574,0.02803504,0.0002873628,0.0001466649,0.01866744,0.01230214,0.0000150979],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9788914,0.005365842,0.0001339304,0.003998633,0.00003425957,0.000006647312,0.0001866768,0.000001872179,0.01138066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986419,0.0009110582,0.00002206515,0.00006737149,0.00002566172,0.000002260042,0.00003355872,6.12423e-7,0.0002955296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00684978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02291477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05989264677948302,"score_gpt":0.2259875080098332,"score_spread":0.1660948612303502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}