{"id":"W1922112072","doi":"10.1002/2014wr016839","title":"Whither field hydrology? The need for discovery science and outrageous hydrological hypotheses","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Watershed; Field (mathematics); Formative assessment; Surface runoff; Work (physics); Process (computing); Scientific discovery; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental resource management; Environmental ethics; Computer science; Environmental science; Sociology; Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Psychology; Engineering; Cognitive science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.098703,0.0006489871,0.002230871,0.004453994,0.00358364,0.01386096,0.003175587,0.006702327,0.007883999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1301294,0.0005827978,0.0007832163,0.003624875,0.03636565,0.03896852,0.005499222,0.01571047,0.001545068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005818989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007989903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002744822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002200482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9825362,0.01054525,0.0009631075,0.002165597,0.003201134,0.0005887089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6490856,0.2890161,0.008622265,0.0260142,0.02015541,0.007106504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003368329,0.0002917454,0.005320346,0.001976119,0.0001276297,0.0002582896,0.004896037,0.001331239,0.001045831,0.6375247,0.1502841,0.1966072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005779744,0.000115408,0.00244269,0.001423688,0.00003078247,0.00009666003,0.004400167,0.001143928,0.0004504067,0.8428283,0.1469334,0.00007670935],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.007510102,0.0665171,0.0195001,0.8914022,0.005726048,0.00004002008,0.0003132343,0.000193091,0.008798103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4663113,0.1732371,0.0696331,0.2363679,0.04247718,0.0004064416,0.0008802423,0.0005054225,0.01018134],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.901297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5219976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0715864199439736,"score_gpt":0.3113466098629868,"score_spread":0.2397601899190132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}