{"id":"W1923419456","doi":"10.1108/md-04-2014-0208","title":"R &amp; D spending among Chinese SMEs: the role of business owners’ characteristics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Decision","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Originality; Business; Marketing; Tobit model; Agency (philosophy); Value (mathematics); Affect (linguistics); Small business; Perception; Statistic; Demographic economics; Economics; Qualitative research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009048415,0.0001335702,0.0001727108,0.0007425797,0.0004976711,0.0004930781,0.0002452932,0.0001840357,0.001827636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00225159,0.0001137,0.0002920904,0.001195567,0.000437594,0.0004847088,0.0005541433,0.0002326873,0.000155034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004841113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007338802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01978176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02812348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995121,0.0001178643,0.00006754437,0.00008037908,0.0001047893,0.0001173876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966989,0.0007778686,0.00149231,0.0001861088,0.0002489164,0.0005957946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002795673,0.00002190807,0.9963629,0.00001541025,0.00002119211,0.0001237295,0.000846337,0.00004116284,0.0001371702,0.00006678045,0.00007608157,0.002259267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.340055e-7,0.00001516067,0.9985437,0.000006059514,0.00001103504,0.00003495707,0.001049278,0.00008399339,0.00004610335,0.00002174518,0.0001849252,0.00000204754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993907,0.0000876931,0.0000268731,0.00008881163,0.00000120035,0.000002323695,0.00005882099,5.982591e-7,0.0003430215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997613,0.0000482928,0.00001262083,0.00001106005,0.000001474335,0.000002176485,0.00004710671,4.356745e-7,0.0001156601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01978176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03933322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04511268403257246,"score_gpt":0.2557354285388753,"score_spread":0.2106227445063029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}