{"id":"W1924065742","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4015","title":"A FORMAL DESIGN SCIENCE","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Axiomatic design; Axiom; Computer science; Design science; Management science; Formal methods; Software engineering; Engineering; Knowledge management; Programming language; Mathematics; Manufacturing engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009329627,0.0001208413,0.00009916456,0.0003843517,0.0001993206,0.00009883523,0.0004291953,0.00008874664,0.00009616213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009946836,0.0001222898,0.00004466812,0.0009465172,0.00002947208,0.0009088896,0.00001591745,0.0001981238,0.0000357137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001777077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001073804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001823805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004775226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989733,0.000004177536,0.000214151,0.0001274153,0.0003008879,0.0003800372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989371,0.00003917262,0.0001394911,0.0001041716,0.0005372097,0.0002429047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002987147,0.0005482201,0.09141592,0.00129784,0.000574916,4.951788e-7,0.05393332,0.01318624,0.09948269,0.2816098,0.4284794,0.02944125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005878785,0.00007603275,0.5894194,0.000305058,0.0002175634,0.00003918442,0.002514858,0.04421504,0.1635559,0.002214218,0.1953579,0.001497057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4360644,0.0005166439,0.004448947,0.004182583,0.0214008,0.002422914,0.00003600584,0.001328903,0.5295988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923677,0.000009142916,0.006133018,0.0001502389,0.00009917739,0.00004834365,9.230228e-7,0.00002830078,0.001163154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5563033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4986832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01707161068894607,"score_gpt":0.1994472653865507,"score_spread":0.1823756546976046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}