{"id":"W1924065742","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4015","title":"A FORMAL DESIGN SCIENCE","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Axiomatic design; Axiom; Computer science; Design science; Management science; Formal methods; Software engineering; Engineering; Knowledge management; Programming language; Mathematics; Manufacturing engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01048909,0.001071371,0.001038893,0.00376932,0.002766275,0.006596665,0.001924451,0.003247267,0.007527209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0108148,0.0006193958,0.001773458,0.001502752,0.02303904,0.008918209,0.00311051,0.004630224,0.002340628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005865861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005406639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003278982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001456139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916887,0.003787022,0.0006095482,0.001222675,0.002397314,0.0002947554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9882748,0.007732303,0.0004845392,0.001732799,0.001497331,0.000278197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001810454,0.000004723659,0.00002766419,0.00005495301,0.000002886447,0.00001473045,0.0001475772,0.0004377245,0.00005968199,0.9946123,0.001022509,0.003613475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008598702,0.0000172467,0.00003108966,0.0001549548,0.000004416417,0.00007786976,0.0001295715,0.00139221,0.000133384,0.89364,0.1044011,0.00000942407],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002609224,0.01211439,0.8156161,0.02048258,0.001395295,0.000186459,0.0002691501,0.0003960916,0.1469308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.301372,0.01753885,0.6260093,0.01077868,0.003308427,0.001301312,0.0006004109,0.0003835689,0.03870733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01048909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05547225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01707161068894607,"score_gpt":0.1994472653865507,"score_spread":0.1823756546976046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}