{"id":"W1926992579","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adv022","title":"The political economy of property tax in Africa: Explaining reform outcomes in Sierra Leone","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Sierra leone; Tax reform; Decentralization; Politics; Opposition (politics); Political economy; Elite; Incentive; Tax avoidance; Political science; Corporate governance; Economics; Economic policy; Development economics; Market economy; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007475613,0.00007830132,0.0001800984,0.00004935683,0.00008389838,0.00003196173,0.0002272005,0.00005787861,0.00001003624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004087923,0.00004572071,0.00003467634,0.0003710749,0.0002793039,0.0002439824,0.00004733425,0.00008839705,0.00001048512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007815047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000256395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005193168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01129553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986617,0.0001132646,0.0002903505,0.0001453274,0.0003022339,0.0004871153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994951,0.0001113001,0.00009156385,0.0001404297,0.00004195808,0.0001196362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003735055,0.0001074419,0.08237673,0.000003913221,0.000005808075,0.000005554824,0.0216166,0.00001284889,0.000003336888,0.8936219,0.0008468647,0.001361674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001149995,0.0001523211,0.01782423,0.00004461333,0.000007100597,4.556353e-7,0.7865959,0.0003421328,0.0001151805,0.04644845,0.1470547,0.0002648931],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02354125,0.00006306254,0.00004230925,0.01502138,0.0001113733,0.0002487967,0.000003549997,0.00001894505,0.9609494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983152,0.00001481367,0.00005710686,0.00007773846,0.00003108401,0.00002748768,9.009387e-7,0.000005840268,0.001469826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9747739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7850552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04222110297360934,"score_gpt":0.2792077545476256,"score_spread":0.2369866515740162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}