{"id":"W1930631287","doi":"10.1002/2014wr016146","title":"Numerical investigation of methane and formation fluid leakage along the casing of a decommissioned shale gas well","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Québec Ministère du Développement Durable, de l’Environnement et de la Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune","keywords":"Casing; Caprock; Borehole; Geology; Oil shale; Aquifer; Methane; Petroleum engineering; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Permeability (electromagnetism); Petrology; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001291731,0.00007525724,0.000116293,0.00001531594,0.00008658721,0.00001655284,0.0002038067,0.00004975312,0.0001787659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004473618,0.00004339671,0.00002373818,0.0001674173,0.0006580003,0.0001722418,0.0003595806,0.0001454564,0.00004105639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009468637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004102636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002107106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003020016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984637,0.0002966435,0.0002243828,0.0001485944,0.0006278996,0.0002388038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995321,0.00007313028,0.00004957904,0.0001985698,0.00001134086,0.0001352597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003778342,0.0001310769,0.5104053,0.0001313644,0.00003063124,0.00001438163,0.08777535,0.03959767,0.3400967,0.00002473599,0.0008396255,0.02057533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001773989,0.0009862534,0.1087759,0.0001295055,0.00003720742,0.0001022014,0.02160739,0.2528552,0.5867929,0.003283692,0.02321028,0.0004454391],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960035,0.00006817155,0.001025516,0.0004231824,0.000009204387,0.0001743353,5.550531e-7,0.000006331466,0.002289175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970092,0.00002233813,0.002448386,0.00002120696,0.00001065542,0.00000736792,0.000004461776,0.000009769926,0.0004666666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4016294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3185328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04587113008173282,"score_gpt":0.2845982151228456,"score_spread":0.2387270850411128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}