{"id":"W1931086765","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.115.081102","title":"Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":359,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Vetenskapsrådet; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; National Research Foundation of Korea; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; National Research Foundation; Western Canada Research Grid; University of Oxford; Vlaamse regering; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; Center of Educational Studies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Overseas Shipholding Group; Compute Canada; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Physics; Neutrino; Muon; Sky; Astronomy; Neutrino astronomy; Particle physics; Nuclear physics; Neutrino detector; Astrophysics; Neutrino oscillation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001892809,0.0004188276,0.0005661959,0.001062384,0.0008897209,0.00169927,0.0004058917,0.0003611649,0.001640039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003689023,0.0003078294,0.000587216,0.002038713,0.0006361175,0.0005474709,0.001432514,0.0003670674,0.0004639954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007045604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007872792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01241051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02407672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988685,0.0002188923,0.00005768251,0.0003128224,0.0003433437,0.0001988898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963361,0.0008101668,0.001296298,0.0005514306,0.0006947302,0.0003112928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00124983,0.00008718852,0.9329126,0.0001936278,0.0003505016,0.0006994379,0.001550826,0.001842121,0.02855075,0.003132268,0.005779312,0.02365141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002330435,0.00006166495,0.9735925,0.0000703417,0.00008753873,0.0005765404,0.0003923987,0.001374639,0.00610156,0.0006747894,0.01702195,0.00002284443],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9675835,0.001155892,0.002840022,0.0004195631,0.00005334963,0.00003332373,0.004467527,0.0001313354,0.02331547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845918,0.0007971957,0.003068085,0.0003380705,0.00008335005,0.00005182251,0.009452819,0.00008352153,0.001533385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01241051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0246765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04221989523405673,"score_gpt":0.2850082494115088,"score_spread":0.242788354177452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}