{"id":"W1931454507","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21500.x","title":"Imaging neutral hydrogen on large scales during the Epoch of Reionization with LOFAR","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; LOFAR; Astrophysics; Cosmic variance; Redshift; Dark Ages; Scale (ratio); Cosmology; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Universe; Astronomy; Radio telescope; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001641677,0.0001521891,0.0001996697,0.00001317524,0.0002453661,0.00001617708,0.0003765347,0.00003738427,0.0000405346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003095379,0.00008994816,0.0002365712,0.0001136258,0.0002276774,0.0001270799,0.0001332384,0.0002098396,0.000003232138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004399818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002075891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001454838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000644282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990692,0.00004322822,0.0002688039,0.0001589441,0.0001109056,0.0003488767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999212,0.00005465382,0.0002868793,0.0003644634,0.00003645523,0.00004560959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001687555,0.0001551448,0.7321788,0.0000069302,0.00009163963,6.413962e-9,0.0001322028,0.2632534,0.00004960038,0.003769279,0.00004579911,0.0003003353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007045032,0.00003969644,0.903759,0.00003303887,0.0000845785,1.721955e-8,0.0008829071,0.08191268,0.01193822,0.0001076801,0.0003870136,0.0001506814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982704,0.00004582357,0.000462954,0.0004945893,0.00006266295,0.0002057629,0.0000517786,0.00001648188,0.0003895674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983753,2.751424e-8,0.00131243,0.00001298735,0.0001779527,0.00001769692,0.00001266943,0.00001707996,0.00007383391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1813407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.366798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004389368754489489,"score_gpt":0.1877926086097009,"score_spread":0.1834032398552114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}