{"id":"W1931575984","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.057","title":"Comparing the life cycle costs of using harvest residue as feedstock for small- and large-scale bioenergy systems (part II)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Bioenergy; Electricity generation; Cost of electricity by source; Waste management; Tonne; Life-cycle assessment; Scale (ratio); Coal; Raw material; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Biofuel; Production (economics); Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002677854,0.0001111453,0.0001695001,0.00005416474,0.0001185715,0.00003306995,0.0001003281,0.00007835666,0.000003612359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003034439,0.00008746504,0.00003378536,0.000101793,0.00004371038,0.00007556447,0.0000662017,0.00005422184,0.000001623776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005436623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003018702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001356582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003200731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993227,0.00003171346,0.0001925029,0.000148861,0.0001208744,0.0001833319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995446,0.00001778017,0.00005023044,0.0001878013,0.00008309272,0.0001164549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006013027,0.00041224,0.007143672,0.001614431,0.0007476191,0.000007059451,0.003130266,0.7710757,0.07130702,0.05122399,0.08872537,0.004011388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001250933,0.0001118445,0.000330589,0.0001272791,0.00005081588,0.00002597052,0.001405284,0.4880756,0.03378456,0.0000904539,0.4744515,0.0002950901],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842566,0.004127766,0.007867682,0.0002313456,0.001573837,0.0001558725,0.00001262343,0.0001404913,0.001633819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987825,0.00005518622,0.0002837792,0.00005722383,0.0003517168,0.00001152781,0.000009563782,0.00002231357,0.0004262041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3857262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3566721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03802506704245459,"score_gpt":0.2251411832881653,"score_spread":0.1871161162457108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}