{"id":"W1938224621","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.08.006","title":"Why is number word learning hard? Evidence from bilingual learners","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"James S. McDonnell Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cardinality (data modeling); Successor cardinal; Word (group theory); Language acquisition; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Computer science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002424678,0.0004550931,0.0007904412,0.001150874,0.001065723,0.002659828,0.0004717116,0.001240472,0.00997041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01317816,0.000388835,0.0001917322,0.0008964775,0.002206628,0.002610714,0.001750005,0.001223458,0.001605398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006131761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001121649,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007321985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00849207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987738,0.0002653901,0.0001204691,0.0002789927,0.0003727308,0.0001885224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9842685,0.01020355,0.002089496,0.0008278974,0.001804389,0.0008061123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003573852,0.00236252,0.8055625,0.00108115,0.0001935745,0.007423592,0.04972075,0.0002813599,0.02581511,0.005200769,0.003762436,0.09502237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004647061,0.001506481,0.8851155,0.0006447819,0.0003157974,0.01113933,0.05756044,0.0007320592,0.01437405,0.01401937,0.01398677,0.0001408177],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991345,0.0005524481,0.0001159652,0.0004757859,0.00001663251,0.000007402512,0.00008732566,0.000007093242,0.007392372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972976,0.0005516752,0.0001454068,0.0002622987,0.00001862974,0.000009363333,0.00008880134,0.00001172161,0.001614462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00997041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03335428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1599635451427694,"score_gpt":0.4193026730763745,"score_spread":0.2593391279336051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}