{"id":"W1942462748","doi":"10.1186/s40175-015-0034-6","title":"Under-provision of private training by MENA firms: what to Do about It?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA Journal of Labor & Development","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Southern California; World Bank Group","keywords":"Business; Training (meteorology); Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003041576,0.0001946593,0.0006295213,0.0002727467,0.00005861104,0.0001798211,0.000423137,0.00009510908,0.00009092779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003067439,0.0001838952,0.00008834239,0.0004065556,0.00003082699,0.0005722189,0.0001138766,0.0001924862,0.00003150488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003226878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000301124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000188869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001136891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997508,0.00003923039,0.001670977,0.0002520776,0.0002056025,0.0003241205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978792,0.00007551045,0.00113895,0.000231221,0.0003476836,0.0003274037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001348544,0.001712096,0.121787,0.0004280978,0.001831269,0.000149361,0.1162292,0.003786484,0.001876317,0.3939233,0.01816021,0.3387682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005142257,0.0008734575,0.06924687,0.001474143,0.00003462942,0.00004296769,0.008901204,0.0002955272,0.003448721,0.1298894,0.7792797,0.001371138],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801169,0.005016885,0.009535047,0.003164647,0.0009997634,0.0001551215,0.00006717915,0.000007447748,0.000937004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840126,0.001507255,0.01304071,0.00111479,0.00007747468,0.000004399523,0.000008032097,0.00002830428,0.0002064078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7611195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7499027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0544736904032047,"score_gpt":0.2659833935212063,"score_spread":0.2115097031180016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}