{"id":"W1946594714","doi":"10.1002/app.42499","title":"Cellulose nanofibers from the skin of beavertail cactus, <i><scp>O</scp>puntia basilaris</i>, as reinforcements for polyvinyl alcohol","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","topic":"Botanical Research and Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Polyvinyl alcohol; Cellulose; Nanofiber; Materials science; Thermal stability; Thermogravimetric analysis; Composite material; Nanocellulose; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Polymer chemistry; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001211715,0.0001449816,0.0002367924,0.00002601769,0.0002956465,0.0001389436,0.001512277,0.00007819988,0.0000696476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002114486,0.00005183831,0.0001550215,0.0008293085,0.0005569063,0.0002570155,0.0001866716,0.000207135,0.00003178225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004882352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002497068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006714325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004585091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997611,0.00002554541,0.0005025652,0.0002527518,0.001137588,0.0004705417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975742,0.0009548503,0.0004814529,0.0001543752,0.0003360884,0.0004990227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009211991,0.000105778,0.0002926447,0.000002232152,0.00003072768,0.000001195469,0.000435844,0.000004099873,0.9526945,0.003939829,0.01379218,0.02860879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000532523,0.0004217704,0.004868385,0.00001883769,0.00003440087,0.000005982715,0.001560797,0.00008276669,0.9409521,0.00292666,0.04851168,0.00008412979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892762,0.0006042715,0.0001153758,0.001975849,0.0001729432,0.0003616561,0.00005960475,0.000009528288,0.007424527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978528,0.00004168399,0.0004550742,0.0007495455,0.0002580093,0.00001617331,0.000006369752,0.000001760816,0.0006185701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0347195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2810212,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03102152561090973,"score_gpt":0.2699778937187871,"score_spread":0.2389563681078773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}