{"id":"W1949015144","doi":"10.1111/lang.12082","title":"L2 Learners’ Assessments of Accentedness, Fluency, and Comprehensibility of Native and Nonnative German Speech","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Learning","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"German; Fluency; Psychology; Linguistics; Language proficiency; Indo-European languages; Multilingualism; Phonology; English as a lingua franca; First language; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Second-language acquisition; Lingua franca; Pedagogy; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001699047,0.0004390221,0.000272987,0.0006933256,0.0003203551,0.0009013828,0.0001826363,0.0003903489,0.001805663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003897713,0.0001900254,0.0002417209,0.0001426093,0.0005503554,0.0005275111,0.0006491044,0.0004362776,0.0004769762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002089992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002105957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002122205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003471311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995474,0.0001251787,0.00005435978,0.00008847148,0.000124272,0.00006032213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978144,0.0007065142,0.0004907115,0.0001449209,0.0004086211,0.0004348624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000648495,0.0005601376,0.9220126,0.00004966329,0.00008110019,0.0005091693,0.02359909,0.0002713711,0.03509897,0.0001164524,0.0002593363,0.01679363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002388317,0.001368462,0.9801922,0.00001359455,0.00002282609,0.0006312631,0.00987028,0.0004949112,0.006684409,0.0001024899,0.0005659744,0.00002964326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997404,0.000009039064,0.00003634619,0.000002027671,4.892669e-7,0.000003032302,0.00001112618,0.000001388019,0.000196136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991831,0.00002347274,0.0001435089,0.000007709406,0.000001249017,0.00001148108,0.00004543315,0.000001997069,0.0005820784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002122205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008985519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02328657136117279,"score_gpt":0.4038695845392869,"score_spread":0.3805830131781141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}