{"id":"W1959983418","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01973","title":"Biological invasion hotspots: a trait‐based perspective reveals new sub‐continental patterns","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; U.S. Forest Service; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Species richness; Invasive species; Ecology; Forb; Introduced species; Biology; Trait; Biodiversity hotspot; Geography; Biodiversity; Grassland","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002193784,0.0001353258,0.0001574835,0.00007519514,0.0001136951,0.00001400797,0.0001483967,0.0000916514,0.0004196917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008159257,0.0001112259,0.0001194244,0.0002851692,0.0001932283,0.0001105695,0.00008286208,0.0001201401,0.0002162831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007973211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001242514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003445527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001298798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990733,0.00008306881,0.0001558836,0.0003224952,0.0001307456,0.0002345565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995568,0.00006778765,0.0000730606,0.0001237352,0.00001610574,0.0001625127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003521748,0.0001078255,0.9928041,0.000001312154,0.00002098816,0.000008489393,0.0008324083,0.00009691498,0.0008181524,0.0003999063,0.004543473,0.0003312727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006833698,0.0002181553,0.987797,0.000006885309,0.00001167033,0.000003483735,0.000906006,0.0001993659,0.0001151881,0.009610325,0.0002865246,0.0001620932],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914211,0.00008617732,0.001040162,0.001175785,0.0001600303,0.0001855669,0.00001778382,0.00006669721,0.005846697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981489,0.00001358982,0.000825323,0.000817314,0.00004365108,0.00001948425,0.00001412974,0.000007225662,0.0001104461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009210419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.459533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03085316791534116,"score_gpt":0.2511214630349618,"score_spread":0.2202682951196206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}