{"id":"W1960973074","doi":"","title":"L2 english vowel learning by mandarin speakers: Does perception precede production?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Vowel; Psychology; Perception; Production (economics); Speech recognition; Pronunciation; Audiology; Identification (biology); Mid vowel; Computer science; Linguistics; Formant; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002176345,0.0001556258,0.0001558602,0.000204188,0.000456131,0.00003789842,0.0002219185,0.0002387705,0.003129822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003158109,0.0001487098,0.00004164707,0.0002075627,0.0002837544,0.00005833905,0.00002652245,0.0006613752,0.0005316722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002564998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003129773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03847438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02553399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998463,0.000120068,0.0001859547,0.0004104624,0.0001595929,0.000660866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989106,0.00004477753,0.00004652454,0.0003445298,0.0001997634,0.0004537903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007288279,0.0001332202,0.06118845,0.00003263429,0.0001491048,0.0001819234,0.06716551,0.0005423459,0.04671257,0.00007494573,0.8175538,0.006192664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006530897,0.0002439957,0.851347,0.00001924718,0.00004458755,0.0001683641,0.005898747,0.0002825879,0.0002446724,0.0002014898,0.1403756,0.0005206655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764319,0.0001252604,0.0002192378,0.000702363,0.002664122,0.0002498062,0.00009931346,0.00008257414,0.01942541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9459223,0.0001689997,0.0001633334,0.0001596248,0.0007801942,0.00002652583,0.0001014666,0.00003748692,0.05264004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7901585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0164356079745771,"score_gpt":0.2724715001924343,"score_spread":0.2560358922178572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}