{"id":"W1960973074","doi":"","title":"L2 english vowel learning by mandarin speakers: Does perception precede production?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Vowel; Psychology; Perception; Production (economics); Speech recognition; Pronunciation; Audiology; Identification (biology); Mid vowel; Computer science; Linguistics; Formant; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009495386,0.0002680871,0.000322195,0.0003097754,0.0005744685,0.001435263,0.0003822447,0.0006963349,0.002514827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006050742,0.0003096056,0.0002127502,0.0002501333,0.0006888877,0.00100541,0.0005199772,0.0006145525,0.000580473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007607188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001269004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06959466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08601759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995489,0.00007182533,0.00002167257,0.0001263608,0.0001492055,0.00008209471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976656,0.0009254524,0.0005007249,0.0001407502,0.000478422,0.0002890419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001519488,0.000529311,0.7523559,0.0002230813,0.00006769642,0.001288146,0.0307059,0.000139332,0.1622253,0.000529238,0.0003096969,0.05010688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001133127,0.0003503198,0.9892191,0.00001982251,0.0000189287,0.0002351113,0.004146804,0.000151236,0.00526035,0.0001164156,0.00045285,0.00001765435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980878,0.0001472924,0.00008977963,0.00006129403,0.000003563938,0.000005383886,0.00002911351,0.000005498247,0.001570219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985459,0.0001599901,0.0002240021,0.00006386007,0.000003694579,0.000007346615,0.00005091709,0.000007156836,0.0009372238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06959466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1383792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0164356079745771,"score_gpt":0.2724715001924343,"score_spread":0.2560358922178572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}