{"id":"W1963614168","doi":"10.1385/abab:131:1:762","title":"Biochar As a Precursor of Activated Carbon","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","topic":"Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Potassium hydroxide; Biochar; Thermogravimetric analysis; Activated carbon; Pyrolysis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Microporous material; Chemistry; Scanning electron microscope; Carbon fibers; Potassium; Graphite; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Adsorption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001246184,0.0003039264,0.0003200391,0.0003647315,0.0002736429,0.000480305,0.000355844,0.0005079776,0.001417442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002605871,0.0002415361,0.0001830757,0.0002446547,0.0001939935,0.0004238092,0.0002707196,0.0007803533,0.0007268507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002797286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002884062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000384356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007476577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998702,0.00001843663,0.000008083857,0.00002929311,0.00004251247,0.00003144701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999007,0.00003082929,0.0000115911,0.00001267892,0.00002330587,0.00002089064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009854788,0.00001776807,0.00006946292,0.0001423652,0.000005804483,0.0001511159,0.00001973088,0.0003578682,0.9939142,0.0009974192,0.0001181598,0.004107547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005083357,0.00008806341,0.0001431006,0.000004314951,0.000007123255,0.00007381645,0.000007398641,0.001002881,0.996577,0.0001433328,0.001944244,0.000003616782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9502878,0.01015768,0.01981015,0.0004686231,0.0005999508,0.0001095589,0.0003901427,0.0007408972,0.01743513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862093,0.001918811,0.006612302,0.00006315459,0.0000428701,0.00001632257,0.0001877902,0.00007137214,0.004878073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001417442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004741788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002962581137294988,"score_gpt":0.2049453332535462,"score_spread":0.2019827521162512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}