{"id":"W1963742187","doi":"10.1109/tse.2011.7","title":"Reducing Unauthorized Modification of Digital Objects","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","topic":"Security and Verification in Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Rootkit; Computer science; Operating system; Computer security; Key (lock); Kernel (algebra); Overhead (engineering); File system; Malware; Embedded system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001172274,0.0001205768,0.0001285632,0.0002031736,0.00008406541,0.00004845242,0.0003745895,0.00006451578,0.00001189009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003219926,0.0001370788,0.00008249453,0.0004596975,0.00001681891,0.0004984007,0.000002646576,0.0001671555,0.00001773973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004181639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003277031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001114799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.801211e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991232,0.00001222142,0.0002650904,0.0002609262,0.0001704162,0.0001681079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992349,0.0001211176,0.00007500831,0.0004291426,0.00007540265,0.00006445297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006830948,0.0009887305,0.0001651215,0.0003475442,0.0002328004,0.00001429504,0.03100014,0.6695213,0.01646078,0.02843481,0.00005232565,0.2527138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004940003,0.0001508076,0.0008195267,0.0001750392,0.00002109985,0.00002855087,0.0001023283,0.6311482,0.3660293,0.0004373311,0.0001110336,0.0004828309],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02393349,0.00001941486,0.9744949,0.000007849789,0.0007882678,0.0000918419,0.000004651572,0.0005342293,0.0001253984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8424163,0.000004091164,0.1575069,0.000005512433,0.00001897681,0.00001311432,7.451066e-7,0.00001162359,0.00002267701],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8184829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5589909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03929347720776463,"score_gpt":0.2353810940466627,"score_spread":0.196087616838898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}