{"id":"W1963871532","doi":"10.1007/s10670-014-9680-3","title":"Variance, Invariance and Statistical Explanation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Erkenntnis","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Property (philosophy); Relation (database); Epistemology; Extant taxon; Metaphysics; Population; Philosophy of science; Variance (accounting); Function (biology); Mathematics; Econometrics; Philosophy; Computer science; Sociology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008338865,0.0006034094,0.001249592,0.002140502,0.001349069,0.003038914,0.001269527,0.001769617,0.005115685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02793742,0.0004921082,0.001217731,0.00180293,0.01432462,0.005611066,0.001874296,0.002629954,0.0004093073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00149056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001320924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003890698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002340377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952193,0.003091252,0.0002380259,0.0006675487,0.0005647543,0.000219189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9749228,0.02032359,0.0008295412,0.003015047,0.0007246851,0.0001843431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001686553,0.00000871103,0.0007053214,0.00003748178,0.00003254921,0.00002996987,0.000298721,0.0007435955,0.00008128225,0.9912661,0.0007912608,0.005988081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005180189,0.000004318208,0.0005092119,0.00001125686,0.000006791,0.00002936952,0.00005324371,0.001133838,0.00003940149,0.9968566,0.001345764,0.00000515869],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08767839,0.0366814,0.7316326,0.03412712,0.001098005,0.00004639942,0.0006078276,0.0004136537,0.1077146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9553252,0.003931793,0.03270923,0.001531938,0.001461332,0.00009095716,0.0002242161,0.00009821673,0.004626998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008338865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0441007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02580480002092431,"score_gpt":0.2055472965279017,"score_spread":0.1797424965069774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}