{"id":"W1964281506","doi":"10.4155/bio.09.168","title":"Opinion: Microdosing: Safer Clinical Trials and Fewer Animal Tests","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioanalysis","topic":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research","keywords":"SAFER; Clinical trial; Animal testing; Pharmacology; Medicine; Computer science; Biology; Internal medicine; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007766104,0.0002834806,0.0009041016,0.000205841,0.0002681624,0.00006657609,0.0003041626,0.00055376,0.003326672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001348721,0.0002362611,0.0004650891,0.0003604956,0.0004215773,0.00007878304,0.0001644897,0.001128534,0.0001982184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009464148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009194792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001775662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002059182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996114,0.001592423,0.00111297,0.0005638118,0.0001838762,0.0004329733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970794,0.001503854,0.0003545291,0.0003401133,0.0001566652,0.0005654426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005359087,0.0006862052,0.1569035,0.00002598025,0.001947526,0.00003017124,0.0001925085,0.000007717977,0.5090003,0.001271057,0.0106159,0.3187833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002169135,0.00005758886,0.04210044,0.000003162233,0.001526235,0.00001948369,0.00002674955,0.001613389,0.01951206,0.0002385118,0.9323899,0.000343302],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752634,0.01149132,0.00004329051,0.003364408,0.005529908,0.0003226727,0.0001293981,0.00008343656,0.003772203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888237,0.00433704,0.001249554,0.002512977,0.002311829,0.00001978765,0.00003008239,0.00002863946,0.0006864392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.921774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3662867530253571,"score_gpt":0.5806299406802352,"score_spread":0.2143431876548781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}