{"id":"W1964365401","doi":"10.1364/ofc.2015.th2a.32","title":"Comparison between Square and Stepped-Square QAM for Optical Transmission","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Infineon Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Quadrature amplitude modulation; QAM; Baseband; Square (algebra); Transmission (telecommunications); Power (physics); Electronic engineering; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics; Mathematics; Bandwidth (computing); Bit error rate; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001109453,0.000422427,0.0003297806,0.0008054418,0.0003625325,0.0006303372,0.0005886867,0.000725568,0.005792676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00302883,0.000117943,0.0003105282,0.0008731306,0.0003244489,0.0008376002,0.000322207,0.0003439137,0.0006305739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004252527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003353389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005940144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000706906,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992601,0.0001983604,0.00002964909,0.00006161113,0.0003766035,0.0000735919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981337,0.001097489,0.0000971205,0.0001458419,0.0004831096,0.00004283292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007974073,0.0003609553,0.004800287,0.00192416,0.0003590532,0.0004854512,0.0003024267,0.1155805,0.3461886,0.03932352,0.004836441,0.4778647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006381086,0.007775483,0.01530129,0.0003391889,0.0004621834,0.003081862,0.0003791456,0.7035533,0.2239466,0.01395697,0.03035606,0.0002099052],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5806134,0.01718285,0.3411124,0.001166171,0.000754329,0.0003567828,0.0007693961,0.001823541,0.05622116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9061273,0.003378695,0.08569874,0.000246461,0.0001637911,0.00008263854,0.0002905663,0.0001284889,0.003883222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005792676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01937842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08893352651716127,"score_gpt":0.3189426545059864,"score_spread":0.2300091279888251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}