{"id":"W1964931691","doi":"10.2202/1948-1837.1133","title":"Compensation for Indirect Expropriation in International Investment Agreements: Implications of National Treatment and Rights to Invest","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Globalization and Development","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Expropriation; Investment (military); Harm; Compensation (psychology); Moral hazard; Foreign direct investment; Damages; Welfare; Open-ended investment company; Economics; Business; Government (linguistics); Pareto principle; Return on investment; International economics; Public economics; Market economy; Microeconomics; Incentive; Production (economics); Macroeconomics; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01392499,0.0005535769,0.001065393,0.001299519,0.00413495,0.01156371,0.002428552,0.009378394,0.01246221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03572285,0.0006140132,0.001843183,0.001143332,0.01291751,0.01636154,0.005985006,0.009612258,0.0006761292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006584639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006758705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006280095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006564082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9870349,0.005273664,0.0008875496,0.001290781,0.002382752,0.003130338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9741089,0.01485666,0.004376072,0.002334762,0.002830787,0.001492745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004418198,0.00004517688,0.0008517238,0.00002703852,0.00001273539,0.0001090212,0.000401159,0.001481879,0.000115223,0.9926113,0.0009558232,0.003344722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001008428,0.0000754077,0.002341923,0.0002009455,0.00007048411,0.0001367971,0.000984641,0.00603868,0.0006451715,0.9776722,0.011672,0.00006088303],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2546822,0.003275324,0.04911384,0.0396283,0.0006634284,0.0003374649,0.0003095337,0.00009051812,0.6518994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9842408,0.0004896378,0.002008096,0.001276024,0.0002468743,0.0001575977,0.00003802621,0.00002108531,0.01152193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01392499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07364327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02512741937111196,"score_gpt":0.2695294003114046,"score_spread":0.2444019809402926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}