{"id":"W1965217323","doi":"10.1136/bmj.d8357","title":"Research misconduct in the UK","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"BMJ","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Misconduct; Scientific misconduct; Criminology; Psychology; Political science; Law; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01943108,0.0000917623,0.0001381455,0.0001278887,0.0004143874,0.00008625067,0.001125151,0.003094486,0.002077376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001303559,0.00006108367,0.00006189332,0.0003382679,0.0004763501,0.00007942431,0.00005403469,0.0165526,0.001215643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001074278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000379996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02148373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002543714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942125,0.003406056,0.0001881054,0.0001737574,0.00130547,0.0007141141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997608,0.001950904,0.00005778525,0.0002647276,0.00008685684,0.00003170149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001172363,0.000003640947,0.0002062342,0.000008270784,0.000003806453,0.00005789815,0.01893027,2.240979e-8,6.32422e-7,0.004808518,0.9755355,0.0004440587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002657877,0.000004132884,0.0001594792,0.00003939437,0.000003958183,0.000003598353,0.00592043,1.906627e-7,0.000001394132,0.005455812,0.9882932,0.00009186467],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002091428,0.0003092623,8.636512e-7,0.6209686,0.0005042549,0.0002971624,0.000006730091,0.000007288131,0.3776967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01125172,0.0001623619,0.00005690841,0.861034,0.04706069,0.00008844191,0.00004466354,0.00001335816,0.08028781],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2974089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2196853216830906,"score_gpt":0.4614763998995217,"score_spread":0.2417910782164311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}