{"id":"W1965226426","doi":"10.1023/a:1011847713834","title":"Explanations at Multiple Levels1","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minds and Machines","topic":"Quantum chaos and dynamical systems","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Singular perturbation; Perturbation (astronomy); Reductionism; Mathematics; Hierarchy; Calculus (dental); Statistical physics; Theoretical physics; Computer science; Applied mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Epistemology; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002006214,0.0008382094,0.0006502167,0.002428308,0.003312251,0.005971224,0.002487025,0.005029113,0.02997982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007107235,0.0005381613,0.0007044949,0.001565453,0.01180066,0.01370206,0.004099301,0.00552744,0.003185177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002561218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001080996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001664144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001949058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982096,0.000794835,0.00007491116,0.0003003484,0.0004487303,0.0001715317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952309,0.002943867,0.0002918881,0.0008639827,0.0004711682,0.0001982819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000223464,0.000002295864,0.00005348885,0.00001452603,0.000003333575,0.00002401067,0.0003813372,0.00008722114,0.00002213469,0.9955451,0.00250274,0.001361496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002493904,0.000001154202,0.00005899564,0.00001626937,0.000002236977,0.00002887652,0.0001735452,0.0003388444,0.00003173671,0.9838589,0.01548394,0.000003124675],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02646037,0.01115428,0.1818621,0.1387841,0.002836209,0.00009005301,0.0007960068,0.000386184,0.6376308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8619692,0.004504901,0.03466652,0.01266236,0.004124848,0.0002697379,0.0008903123,0.000313666,0.08059849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02997982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1002925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01163788199559855,"score_gpt":0.2358161522513331,"score_spread":0.2241782702557345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}