{"id":"W1965513197","doi":"10.1063/1.2148631","title":"Time-domain and lock-in rate-window photocarrier radiometric measurements of recombination processes in silicon","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Optics; Time domain; Radiometry; Superposition principle; Laser; Materials science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007266648,0.0002681884,0.0002334372,0.0003290423,0.0001129809,0.0003093751,0.0006844701,0.0003836032,0.0007731723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001532783,0.0001864443,0.0001947966,0.0002996132,0.0004075327,0.0005446915,0.0002867264,0.0004775058,0.0001646863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000362816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001503968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002533785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002343388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996132,0.0001027868,0.00001497457,0.00008349802,0.0001491252,0.00003645946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992188,0.000394441,0.0001435069,0.0001077324,0.0001118007,0.00002361319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001921467,0.00003739534,0.0006262524,0.00004473174,0.000009597225,0.00003661247,0.0001010985,0.001294455,0.9902108,0.0006948992,0.00004074837,0.006711311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001513326,0.0003032052,0.002165535,0.000003293578,0.000009344446,0.0001791068,0.00004608564,0.02212338,0.9746252,0.000150491,0.0003619914,0.00001732449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9449182,0.0003074211,0.0531253,0.00003988394,0.00002023615,0.00004959014,0.0001215599,0.0002404229,0.001177296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698482,0.0002039105,0.02898252,0.00001915384,0.000008827312,0.00006058004,0.00006522887,0.00003239294,0.0007791332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007731723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003843069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01513037600977972,"score_gpt":0.216791630337057,"score_spread":0.2016612543272772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}