{"id":"W1966187253","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v2n6p1","title":"Language as Investment, Capital, and Economics: Spanish-Speaking English Learners’ Language Use and Attitudes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fluency; Identity (music); Linguistics; First language; Cultural capital; Language assessment; Class (philosophy); Capital (architecture); Investment (military); Language transfer; Sociology of language; Psychology; Sociology; Language education; Comprehension approach; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Political science; Computer science; Social science; Law; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001165755,0.0002020121,0.000239758,0.0008106201,0.001182079,0.003324812,0.0002552482,0.000466689,0.002273997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001933455,0.0001450707,0.0001733131,0.0004547047,0.001483256,0.001311051,0.001358926,0.0007633024,0.0002044217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008903421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007405893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01312961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02266503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996094,0.0001352578,0.00001920778,0.00003781421,0.00009825324,0.0001000607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980179,0.0006292028,0.0004901481,0.0000465428,0.0002329547,0.0005832108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001262763,0.0007898533,0.7457333,0.00005783627,0.00002934812,0.0007586331,0.2316567,0.00009265172,0.002125214,0.002337646,0.0004487816,0.01584368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001495831,0.0002146847,0.5024421,0.00008397406,0.00002166866,0.0003073457,0.4901479,0.0003355466,0.0005920155,0.0006453707,0.005170486,0.00002376607],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985726,0.00005587552,0.000009951029,0.00008218562,0.000001521646,0.000001271204,0.000003888782,3.281359e-7,0.001272383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990413,0.0001008435,0.00001928719,0.00003194025,0.000001929634,0.000002343933,0.00000738995,6.456165e-7,0.0007943969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01312961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02610642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02522999412119363,"score_gpt":0.267444048586669,"score_spread":0.2422140544654753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}