{"id":"W1966445348","doi":"10.1002/nme.1804","title":"A simple and efficient approach to capturing bonding effect in naturally microstructured sands by discrete element method","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Université Laval","keywords":"Discrete element method; Breakage; Materials science; Simple (philosophy); Cementation (geology); Isotropy; Finite element method; Modulus; Composite material; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Physics; Optics; Cement","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008659263,0.0003086161,0.0004090664,0.000466196,0.00004142639,0.0001529889,0.0003055551,0.0001341768,0.000002824199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002824188,0.0002818175,0.0001148116,0.0002885355,0.00001028379,0.00008426044,0.00007122613,0.000633576,1.862315e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003882416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006809709,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004405088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001347756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983267,0.0000609075,0.000575615,0.0002863717,0.0002661622,0.0004842799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992166,0.0004619541,0.00004699036,0.0001005912,0.00003524631,0.0001386327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003091551,0.00001200827,0.000146907,0.0000565665,0.00003949722,0.000007176744,0.00006550301,0.9126217,0.07930987,0.0006540516,0.0001059041,0.00694983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001027981,0.00005579218,0.002693481,0.00009199536,0.00001323709,0.0001311427,0.00002073117,0.9746802,0.01529936,0.00115063,0.004432983,0.0004024004],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05098324,0.0005645266,0.946907,0.00007458483,0.0009942809,0.0002536334,0.00001795825,0.0001150042,0.00008978986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5650438,0.000005260707,0.4346972,0.00001852529,0.0001332315,0.00004060364,0.00001069881,0.00003967612,0.00001099368],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5140606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005215191381683054,"score_gpt":0.307306166718461,"score_spread":0.302090975336778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}