{"id":"W1966735935","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.085","title":"Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in upgrading and refining of Canada's oil sands products","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Oil sands; Refining (metallurgy); Asphalt; Synthetic crude; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Waste management; Oil refinery; Fossil fuel; Coker unit; Energy consumption; Unconventional oil; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Coke; Geology; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001973588,0.0002286148,0.0001273161,0.0007871284,0.0009021839,0.000802714,0.0003761848,0.0002819862,0.00226671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004689738,0.0001490716,0.0004230957,0.001584782,0.0003863289,0.000336421,0.0002725449,0.0003005075,0.0001738444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01782444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007237288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9796889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9911491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997829,0.00001221981,0.000006023351,0.00002226481,0.00009994871,0.00007663202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997464,0.00005328406,0.00003141005,0.000007814488,0.0001325768,0.00002852751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002767955,0.0004478343,0.8843641,0.0002497397,0.000288232,0.000901493,0.001798471,0.03541061,0.01695631,0.00590557,0.003748949,0.04716072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001110214,0.00006676656,0.9717871,0.00003166076,0.00007569359,0.00006075386,0.003468926,0.006847013,0.01040384,0.0003381207,0.006879176,0.00002984411],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957604,0.0002059636,0.0000572795,0.00006120687,0.000002027561,0.000005348584,0.001103892,0.000003812544,0.002800144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916344,0.0003191031,0.00009108429,0.00001557089,7.12388e-7,0.000002556076,0.00103044,0.000003631965,0.006902622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02031106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.129326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02538208209615727,"score_gpt":0.2560706094805023,"score_spread":0.230688527384345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}