{"id":"W1966840421","doi":"10.7202/050536ar","title":"Racial Discrimination in Employment in Canada","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Relations industrielles","topic":"Discrimination and Equality Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Racism; Employment discrimination; Political science; Criminology; Demographic economics; Sociology; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003683961,0.00005599641,0.00007408392,0.0001349561,0.0001627165,0.0000276958,0.00009922852,0.00009008266,0.0004459668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002278403,0.00006300514,0.0000145543,0.0004583994,0.00004952791,0.00026846,0.00001450567,0.0001761694,0.0000329064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001462672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001491408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9280901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9990026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989975,0.0001483176,0.0002518788,0.0001159278,0.0002910186,0.0001953445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996929,0.000102322,0.0000465889,0.00007179574,0.00002956748,0.00005679852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007654308,0.0001564031,0.1837281,8.277399e-7,0.0000041772,0.000005169063,0.05463987,0.003516228,0.000003516498,0.5751387,0.005078137,0.1777212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007161265,0.00001157253,0.3113856,0.00005356023,0.000007785921,1.951064e-7,0.0421544,0.0007120803,0.00007243241,0.002966026,0.6416535,0.0002667115],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7768466,0.00002665722,0.00004556986,0.02081009,0.0001338843,0.0001818031,0.000005327795,0.00001656798,0.2019335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946958,0.00002198127,0.00006737396,0.0001460162,0.0000885456,0.00001686057,0.00001250031,0.000004024929,0.004946901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6365753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4883024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05015366309986075,"score_gpt":0.3180233199420676,"score_spread":0.2678696568422069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}