{"id":"W1966902691","doi":"10.1086/523661","title":"An Explanation for the Observed Weak Size Evolution of Disk Galaxies","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; U.S. Naval Observatory; Fermilab; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Pittsburgh; Johns Hopkins University; University of Chicago; U.S. Department of Energy; Princeton University; Space Telescope Science Institute; New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Dark matter; Stellar mass; Redshift; Astronomy; Galaxy formation and evolution; Halo; Virial theorem; Dark matter halo; Star formation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002327225,0.0002983084,0.0001996248,0.0005069274,0.0003858513,0.0004401997,0.0007688456,0.0005961751,0.004078005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013594,0.000228851,0.0002860811,0.0004630399,0.0006474649,0.0007451933,0.0005268307,0.0003694418,0.0007544923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000641783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002282863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006351401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006279833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998671,0.00001030516,0.000006032125,0.0000701744,0.00002011065,0.00002620751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999396,0.0001463661,0.0001726977,0.0000984213,0.00009988374,0.00008662306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001894846,0.00009969086,0.8932671,0.0001989197,0.00008747407,0.0005438025,0.0004963386,0.01097427,0.03964212,0.02028697,0.002329955,0.03188398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003724647,0.0001072655,0.9573567,0.00001363348,0.00002544724,0.0009634777,0.0001186456,0.01817287,0.007246897,0.01270561,0.003233665,0.00001846628],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665995,0.001478649,0.01932571,0.00192591,0.00004557931,0.00002678639,0.001061612,0.0004457055,0.009090468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977677,0.0000952199,0.0009633791,0.00009069359,0.00001033682,0.000004741085,0.0001662639,0.00001189971,0.0008898362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006351401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01364225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01695916348055538,"score_gpt":0.2225283259933051,"score_spread":0.2055691625127497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}