{"id":"W1966987043","doi":"10.5539/ies.v2n3p136","title":"Applying Group Work to Improve College Students’ Oral English","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Group work; Group (periodic table); Work (physics); Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002983464,0.0001313209,0.0001489323,0.0001642487,0.0003898016,0.0002391058,0.0002706332,0.00002018101,0.000249086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005695421,0.0001197627,0.00005567558,0.00005868763,0.00004507229,0.0002159338,0.00006515186,0.0001677862,0.0001397924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003365418,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005512347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000623391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989892,0.00004161695,0.0002337025,0.0002315984,0.0003491289,0.0001548133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987689,0.00009293601,0.00008906695,0.000113038,0.0008822645,0.00005375549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008418327,0.0009053507,0.01479391,0.00001727212,0.0004401286,0.00000250666,0.2413854,0.00004829188,0.00005378415,0.3429035,0.2511797,0.1481861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001819635,0.00007461819,0.005679393,0.00008584445,0.00001618678,4.91251e-7,0.05606902,0.00000296393,0.000008062217,0.001743508,0.9359797,0.0001582845],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8662146,0.001056216,0.0000979162,0.005813893,0.02363197,0.0006127435,0.00002577583,0.0003057111,0.1022412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.949294,0.00001977082,0.0006225583,0.00316711,0.002717808,0.0002459738,0.00001888421,0.00001121382,0.04390269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4883781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05575826327689749,"score_gpt":0.3692665270254374,"score_spread":0.31350826374854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}