{"id":"W1967729674","doi":"10.1002/2013wr014034","title":"Groundwater flow dynamics and arsenic source characterization in an aquifer system of West Bengal, India","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; BGC Engineering (Canada); Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Geology; Hydrology (agriculture); Residence time (fluid dynamics); Groundwater flow; Arsenic; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014455,0.00009762886,0.0001386141,0.0001812842,0.0001306863,0.00007516201,0.0001925355,0.00009231466,0.0004161892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002454022,0.00007505432,0.00001906136,0.0001861455,0.0002395858,0.0002914069,0.0002410164,0.0001984396,0.000137702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001867892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003363795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004383832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001246409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981291,0.0004913471,0.0002569038,0.0003002256,0.0004911014,0.000331267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995468,0.00004636028,0.00004005221,0.0002380098,0.00002711732,0.0001016379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001080736,0.0002075746,0.5780727,0.0001656936,0.00001006236,0.000007231776,0.03552512,0.0004119517,0.2391979,0.0003289323,0.00002210386,0.1459427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000523695,0.0002128119,0.7644134,0.00005032931,0.000004111118,0.00000863819,0.001436255,0.2203734,0.008031341,0.00003298657,0.004748196,0.000164787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966405,0.000002581067,0.001038873,0.000177706,0.00002882882,0.0002493319,0.000005098872,0.0000231309,0.001833958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982753,0.000003836701,0.00008431584,0.00002793235,0.00003318473,0.00001858892,0.0001390534,0.00001748837,0.001400313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2311665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.455698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01422716406176788,"score_gpt":0.2538650189711269,"score_spread":0.239637854909359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}