{"id":"W1968456980","doi":"10.1163/156853412x631906","title":"Ockham and Buridan on Epistemic Sentences: Appellation of the Form and Appellation of Reason","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vivarium","topic":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Predicate (mathematical logic); Originality; Philosophy; Epistemology; Scholarship; Linguistics; Sociology; Computer science; Political science; Social science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001121142,0.00006650647,0.0001045388,0.00002867292,0.00009004251,0.00001394649,0.00003867193,0.00003232111,0.00003738571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000181435,0.00004234853,0.00003163129,0.00002642677,0.0001847484,0.0001131212,0.00002822967,0.00005674237,0.000003247272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007388285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004504366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008419222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003320805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995505,0.00002573147,0.0001484125,0.00007579432,0.0001120191,0.00008750482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996395,0.00007175997,0.0001181777,0.00011035,0.00003154731,0.0000286453],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003904739,0.00006421438,0.005528902,0.0001075235,0.00001495482,5.035571e-8,0.008809859,0.000002934268,0.001136691,0.9817084,0.0001573442,0.00243005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002157568,0.000831344,0.1738007,0.00105558,0.0003116777,0.00001745262,0.006423089,0.002942062,0.0264315,0.6207876,0.1644435,0.0007979615],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8295349,0.0002831367,0.000019665,0.001062386,0.0003120728,0.0001673937,0.00002186657,0.00001151923,0.168587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988911,0.00001734194,0.000009585518,0.00004504733,0.0003393382,0.000001086075,0.000003590689,0.00000519906,0.0006877207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3609209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1726923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02453256600672163,"score_gpt":0.2023164298274695,"score_spread":0.1777838638207479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}