{"id":"W1968800398","doi":"10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00119-6","title":"Orientation discrimination in foveal and extra-foveal vision: effects of stimulus bandwidth and contrast","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vision Research","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Foveal; Stimulus (psychology); Second-order stimulus; Psychophysics; Narrowband; Optics; Spatial frequency; Perception; Sensory threshold; Visual perception; Audiology; Psychology; Physics; Retinal; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Medicine; Ophthalmology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009218397,0.0003293479,0.0006337817,0.0006394446,0.0002238251,0.0008409498,0.0005995807,0.000580485,0.002604576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009042881,0.0005458455,0.000281117,0.0004947414,0.0005468487,0.001584937,0.0007874063,0.000866672,0.0003261847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003208004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003008733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001368053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001545711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996846,0.00007997604,0.00002455659,0.00004578862,0.00008677402,0.00007842206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9923939,0.005987172,0.0004284333,0.0003835523,0.000387627,0.0004192523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01032289,0.0002763494,0.005551786,0.0002904518,0.00006560789,0.0001119185,0.0002222583,0.0009000179,0.9533703,0.001603991,0.0002076399,0.02707684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001346863,0.002753447,0.4978305,0.0002299461,0.0006784137,0.002853208,0.0005990632,0.03630628,0.4370841,0.017708,0.002424608,0.0001856028],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917876,0.001663375,0.004272587,0.000079653,0.00003147801,0.00001577885,0.00008205319,0.00003915626,0.002028338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954872,0.0009044605,0.002520007,0.0001035032,0.00003716778,0.0000176931,0.000143811,0.00009814544,0.000688096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002604576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008713186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07409690383610705,"score_gpt":0.4368778477538737,"score_spread":0.3627809439177667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}