{"id":"W1969168383","doi":"10.1198/016214506000000447","title":"Evaluating Kindergarten Retention Policy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Statistical Association","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":377,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grade retention; Propensity score matching; Retention rate; Psychology; Covariate; Multilevel model; Average treatment effect; Affect (linguistics); Developmental psychology; Demography; Mathematics; Econometrics; Academic achievement; Statistics; Computer science; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02082709,0.0007100151,0.001491111,0.0008616253,0.0006776139,0.001916692,0.002795186,0.001810224,0.006775852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05790612,0.0005062189,0.0009138981,0.001370067,0.000934629,0.001931351,0.001579158,0.00234486,0.0006272377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005989944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007182568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04891238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03560379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9868285,0.008501436,0.0005105195,0.001101431,0.001481514,0.001576512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9504305,0.03510757,0.008267048,0.002033168,0.002482331,0.001679452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0104014,0.006809248,0.3941201,0.0009460635,0.001668403,0.0003064933,0.0009884624,0.3607536,0.001759292,0.01723684,0.005563864,0.1994463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003958129,0.03770065,0.4705562,0.0006625892,0.002068884,0.0001078454,0.008021311,0.4356529,0.01109115,0.01799847,0.01195633,0.000225464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983461,0.0005428217,0.007239953,0.001223006,0.00005555107,0.0005545497,0.0009685909,0.0001869271,0.005767558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942361,0.0002226937,0.002671467,0.0002243449,0.00001763346,0.0002675836,0.0005836785,0.000009981743,0.001766554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04891238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1101456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03241118186837891,"score_gpt":0.3965013558341809,"score_spread":0.364090173965802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}