{"id":"W1969299028","doi":"10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5980845","title":"The analysis of allocation efficiency of R&D resource and its determinants — An empirical study of panel data from 31 countries","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Stochastic frontier analysis; Economics; Panel data; Elasticity (physics); Output elasticity; Income elasticity of demand; China; Labour economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006054961,0.0001358893,0.0006568707,0.0005585229,0.0001859577,0.0000609468,0.002345589,0.00006535148,0.0001338569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003365356,0.00007616447,0.00008330749,0.003047293,0.0003951657,0.0003120747,0.000524767,0.0000692481,0.00000775158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008434069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008336407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001660516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008053279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953938,0.0005857346,0.001432522,0.0006808682,0.001732494,0.0001746466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.992789,0.002941561,0.0009346963,0.002561047,0.0007041077,0.00006958161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002138194,0.001984107,0.9641463,0.000005512537,0.0005718697,0.000002174726,0.02597243,0.000756821,0.001226502,0.0000815107,0.0003358231,0.004703193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002895147,0.0003009434,0.7999265,0.000008722069,0.001409588,5.871038e-7,0.01509878,0.1800811,0.002252781,0.0002476875,0.000249522,0.0001342865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975151,0.0002342257,0.001646903,0.00003534551,0.00002802034,0.0001630094,0.00008197668,0.000008778041,0.0002865926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99945,0.00001470765,0.0003189298,0.00002048902,0.000006250425,0.000001556382,0.00001372955,0.000004872624,0.000169454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1793243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4493918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3594295072051648,"score_gpt":0.4507414665721764,"score_spread":0.09131195936701164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}