{"id":"W1969717826","doi":"10.1116/1.582236","title":"Two-dimensional gain profiles of InP/InGaAs separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes modeled by a simplified stochastic approach","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; Electric field; Poisson's equation; Optoelectronics; Impact ionization; Materials science; Avalanche breakdown; Heterojunction; Absorption (acoustics); Optics; Physics; Breakdown voltage; Ionization; Voltage; Detector; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002003836,0.0003882206,0.0002895363,0.0002790976,0.000193639,0.0005882734,0.0004437129,0.0004213609,0.000785628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005192012,0.0003312316,0.0004148129,0.0003101444,0.0003096369,0.0004341431,0.0002086452,0.0002521754,0.0002135918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001355165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004410868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003571851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00203623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998854,0.00001805653,0.000005073271,0.00002247512,0.00004658949,0.00002223259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997639,0.00008597019,0.00004427084,0.00002665412,0.00005677662,0.00002250049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001746662,0.00006904648,0.003619627,0.00005706936,0.00006659764,0.0003266582,0.0001268362,0.8610728,0.1194226,0.01094058,0.0003378107,0.003785612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009735387,0.00002895742,0.00113523,0.000002360275,0.000006686638,0.00005837902,0.00001286485,0.9913225,0.006439624,0.0007974662,0.0001742967,0.00001192276],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9251096,0.0002106251,0.06763612,0.0001464662,0.00001423409,0.00004570819,0.000422073,0.0002221884,0.006193023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926845,0.0001352742,0.005401921,0.00002098105,0.000004674809,0.00003136646,0.0001273475,0.00001510913,0.001578725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003571851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009832501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01035970020659463,"score_gpt":0.2585628278676174,"score_spread":0.2482031276610227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}