{"id":"W1969990531","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00806.x","title":"Categorical speech perception deficits distinguish language and reading impairments in children","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Science","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Categorization; Categorical perception; Speech perception; Dyslexia; Phonological awareness; Perception; Specific language impairment; Reading (process); Audiology; Cognitive psychology; Phonology; Developmental psychology; Articulation (sociology); Phonetics; Linguistics; Literacy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006289335,0.0001427954,0.0001313681,0.0002386468,0.0002059979,0.00009825693,0.0002325971,0.00004817701,0.0001331905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060762,0.0001298406,0.00001437295,0.0006865865,0.0001248268,0.0002000142,0.00007167181,0.0001336599,0.0001326198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003568628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006602529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000380783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009698153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984309,0.00003062665,0.0002507329,0.0005032454,0.0003068874,0.0004776067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996627,0.0000186227,0.00005036715,0.0001077084,0.00002185794,0.00013875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001349958,0.0001170238,0.7450964,0.000002039268,0.000004216614,0.0000917633,0.03019194,5.238681e-7,0.006230441,0.0003160468,0.0001930708,0.2177431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000307234,0.00004764097,0.9964327,0.00002365747,0.000001660727,0.0006886417,0.001926772,0.00001876696,0.0001467893,0.0001108921,0.0001047121,0.0001905905],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815932,0.00003651383,0.00003958634,0.00006674005,0.0001643541,0.0001835079,0.000001614377,0.00005297156,0.01786153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951651,0.000005631524,0.003778747,0.0002478317,0.00003281368,0.000009100998,0.00001484606,0.00000607383,0.0007398856],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2513363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5294746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009296108828089206,"score_gpt":0.2988431929914094,"score_spread":0.2895470841633202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}