{"id":"W1969990531","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00806.x","title":"Categorical speech perception deficits distinguish language and reading impairments in children","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Science","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Categorization; Categorical perception; Speech perception; Dyslexia; Phonological awareness; Perception; Specific language impairment; Reading (process); Audiology; Cognitive psychology; Phonology; Developmental psychology; Articulation (sociology); Phonetics; Linguistics; Literacy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004529607,0.0008322107,0.0006092114,0.002299689,0.000378223,0.0008084287,0.0002402637,0.0004565272,0.002006921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002563786,0.0003772445,0.000308284,0.000522973,0.001232298,0.0008133317,0.0007567544,0.0005454175,0.0004127482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000411259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003102538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004185345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005725068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995251,0.0000425646,0.00008267866,0.0001374574,0.0001174091,0.00009481179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984195,0.0003979185,0.000730656,0.00007304035,0.0001840435,0.0001948736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006396188,0.000299066,0.9496993,0.0001532758,0.00006245492,0.002302845,0.004069647,0.0001602311,0.02830577,0.0001114712,0.0001867809,0.01400941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001220136,0.0004007161,0.9934096,0.00001091998,0.00002611644,0.00314923,0.001118839,0.0001067267,0.001568845,0.00008234381,0.0001057384,0.000008767121],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997049,0.00005613555,0.00002451071,0.000009410906,0.000001182702,0.000002077692,0.00003856724,0.000005015126,0.0001581342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996431,0.00005367758,0.0000861442,0.00001125003,0.000002091595,0.000004692331,0.0000737945,0.000002783913,0.0001223329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004185345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008322001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009296108828089206,"score_gpt":0.2988431929914094,"score_spread":0.2895470841633202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}